Intensive and Critical Care Nursing
Volume 25, Issue 5 , Pages 250-257 , October 2009

Family adaptation in relation to a family member's stay in ICU

  • Ing-Mari K. Söderström

      Affiliations

    • School of Human Sciences, Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden
    • Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
    • Tel.: +46 480 446966; fax: +46 480 446955.
  • ,
  • Britt-Inger Saveman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nursing, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +46 70 6406200/+46 90 7869235; fax: +46 90 7869169.
  • ,
  • Margaretha S. Hagberg

      Affiliations

    • School of Human Sciences, Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden
    • Tel.: +46 480 446972; fax: +46 480 446955.
  • ,
  • Eva G. Benzein

      Affiliations

    • School of Human Sciences, Kalmar University, Kalmar, Sweden
    • Department of Palliative Care Research, Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Tel.: +46 480 446975/+46 70 5251370; fax: +46 480 446955.

Received 22 December 2008 ,Revised 19 May 2009 ,Accepted 21 June 2009.

References 

  1. Agard AS, Harder I. Relatives’ experiences in intensive care—finding a place in a world of uncertainty. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2007;23:170–177
  2. Azoulay E, Pochard F, Chevret S, Lemaire F, Mokhtari M, Le Gall JR, et al. Meeting the needs of intensive care unit patient families: a multicenter study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:135–139
  3. Azoulay E, Pochard F, Kentish-Barnes N, Chevret S, Aboab J, Adrie C, et al. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:987–994
  4. Backman CG, Walther SM. Use of a personal diary written on the ICU during critical illness. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27:426–429
  5. Benner P, Hooper-Kyriakidis P, Stannard D. Clinical wisdom and intervention in critical care: a thinking in action approach. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1999;
  6. Benzein EG, Hagberg M, Saveman BI. ‘Being appropriately unusual’: a challenge for nurses in health-promoting conversations with families. Nurs Inq. 2008;15:106–115
  7. Boss P. Family stress management: a contextual approach. 2nd ed.. Thousand Oaks, CA/London: SAGE; 2002;
  8. Bugge C, Alexander H, Hagen S. Stroke patients’ informal caregivers. Patient, caregiver, and service factors that affect caregiver strain. Stroke. 1999;30:1517–1523
  9. Burr G. Contextualizing critical care family needs through triangulation: an Australian study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1998;14:161–169
  10. Chaboyer W, Kendall E, Kendall M, Foster M. Transfer out of intensive care: a qualitative exploration of patient and family perceptions. Aust Crit Care. 2005;18:138–141, 143–145
  11. Douglas SL, Daly BJ. Caregivers of long-term ventilator patients: physical and psychological outcomes. Chest. 2003;123:1073–1081
  12. Eggenberger SK, Nelms TP. Being family: the family experience when an adult member is hospitalized with a critical illness. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16:1618–1628
  13. Eggenberger SK, Nelms TP. Family interviews as a method for family research. J Adv Nurs. 2007;58:282–292
  14. Eldredge D. Helping at the bedside: spouses’ preferences for helping critically ill patients. Res Nurs Health. 2004;27:307–321
  15. Engström A, Söderberg S. The experiences of partners of critically ill persons in an intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2004;20:299–308quiz 309–210
  16. Engström Å, Grip K, Hamrén M. Experiences of ICU diaries: touching a tender wound. Nurs Crit Care. 2009;14:61–67
  17. Foster M, Chaboyer W. Family carers of ICU survivors: a survey of the burden they experience. Scand J Caring Sci. 2003;17:205–214
  18. Guba EG. Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. ERIC/ECTJ Annu Rev Paper. 1981;29:75–91
  19. Jamerson PA, Scheibmeir M, Bott MJ, Crighton F, Hinton RH, Cobb AK. The experiences of families with a relative in the intensive care unit. Heart Lung. 1996;25:467–474
  20. Johansson I, Fridlund B, Hildingh C. Coping strategies of relatives when an adult next-of-kin is recovering at home following critical illness. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2004;20:281–291
  21. Johansson I, Hildingh C, Fridlund B. Coping strategies when an adult next-of-kin/close friend is in critical care: a grounded theory analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2002;18:96–108
  22. Johnson P, Chaboyer W, Foster M, van der Vooren R. Caregivers of ICU patients discharged home: what burden do they face?. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2001;17:219–227
  23. Jones C, Skirrow P, Griffiths RD, Humphris G, Ingleby S, Eddleston J, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder-related symptoms in relatives of patients following intensive care. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:456–460
  24. Kleeman KM. Families in crisis due to multiple trauma. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 1989;1:23–31
  25. Kleiber C, Halm M, Titler M, Montgomery LA, Johnson SK, Nicholson A, et al. Emotional responses of family members during a critical care hospitalization. Am J Crit Care. 1994;3:70–76
  26. Knafl K, Breitmayer B. In:  Morse J editors. Qualitative nursing research. Newbury Park: SAGE; 1991;p. 226–239
  27. Kvale S, Torhell S-E. Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun (The qualitative research interview), Lund: Studentlitteratur; 1997;
  28. Lam P, Beaulieu M. Experiences of families in the neurological ICU: a “bedside phenomenon”. J Neurosci Nurs. 2004;36:142–146, 151–145
  29. Leske JS, Jiricka MK. Impact of family demands and family strengths and capabilities on family well-being and adaptation after critical injury. Am J Crit Care. 1998;7:383–392
  30. Maddox M, Dunn SV, Pretty LE. Psychosocial recovery following ICU: experiences and influences upon discharge to the community. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2001;17:6–15
  31. McCubbin HI, Patterson JM. The family stress process: the Double ABCX Model of adjustment and adaptation. Marriage and Family Review. 1983;6:7–37
  32. In:  McCubbin HI,  Thompson AI,  McCubbin MA editor. Family assessment: resiliency, coping and adaptation. Inventories for research and practice. Madison: University of Wisconsin System; 1996;
  33. McCubbin M. Family stress theory and the development of nursing knowledge about family adaptation. In:  Feetham SM,  Bell S,  Gilliss JC editor. The nursing of families: theory/research/education/practice. Newbury Park: SAGE; 1993;p. 46–58
  34. McCubbin M, McCubbin HI. Resiliency in families: a conceptual model of family adjustment and adaptation in response to stress and crises. In:  McCubbin HI,  Thompson AI,  McCubbin MA editor. Family assessment: resiliency, coping and adaptation-inventories for research and practice. Madison: University of Wisconsin System; 1996;p. 1–64
  35. Mitchell ML, Courtney M. Reducing family members’ anxiety and uncertainty in illness around transfer from intensive care: an intervention study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2004;20:223–231
  36. Mitchell ML, Courtney M, Coyer F. Understanding uncertainty and minimizing families’ anxiety at the time of transfer from intensive care. Nurs Health Sci. 2003;5:207–217
  37. Norberg A, Bergsten M, Lundman B. A model of consolation. Nurs Ethics. 2001;8:544–553
  38. Ödman P-J. Interpreting the past. Qual Stud Educ. 1992;5:167–184
  39. Patterson JM. Understanding family resilience. J Clin Psychol. 2002;58:233–246
  40. Patterson JM, Garwick AW. Levels of meaning in family stress theory. In:  Boss P,  Mulligan C editor. Family stress. Classic and contemporary readings. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.; 2003;
  41. Pochard F, Darmon M, Fassier T, Bollaert PE, Cheval C, Coloigner M, et al. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in family members of intensive care unit patients before discharge or death. A prospective multicenter study. J Crit Care. 2005;20:90–96
  42. Söderberg A, Norberg A, Gilje F. Meeting tragedy: interviews about situations of ethical difficulty in intensive care. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 1996;12:207–217
  43. Söderström IM, Benzein E, Saveman BI. Nurses’ experiences of interactions with family members in intensive care units. Scand J Caring Sci. 2003;17:185–192
  44. Söderström IM, Saveman BI, Benzein E. Interactions between family members and staff in intensive care units—an observation and interview study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43:707–716
  45. Titler MG, Cohen MZ, Craft MJ. Impact of adult critical care hospitalization: perceptions of patients, spouses, children, and nurses. Heart Lung. 1991;20:174–182
  46. Van Horn E, Tesh A. The effect of critical care hospitalization on family members: stress and responses. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2000;19:40–49
  47. Walters AJ. A hermeneutic study of the experiences of relatives of critically ill patients. J Adv Nurs. 1995;22:998–1005
  48. Whall AL. The family as the unit of care in nursing: a historical review. Public Health Nurs. 1986;3:240–249
  49. Wright LM, Leahey M. Nurses and families: a guide to family assessment and intervention. 4th ed.. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis; 2005;
  50. Wright LM, Watson WL, Bell JM. Beliefs: the heart of healing in families and illness. New York: Basic Books; 1996;

PII: S0964-3397(09)00062-7

doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2009.06.006

Intensive and Critical Care Nursing
Volume 25, Issue 5 , Pages 250-257 , October 2009