Intensive and Critical Care Nursing
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 73-81 , April 2006

Promoting care for acutely ill children—Development and evaluation of a Paediatric Early Warning Tool

  • Caroline Haines

      Affiliations

    • Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 117 3428380; fax: +44 117 3428538.
    • ,
  • Marian Perrott

      Affiliations

    • Paediatric Outreach Team Office, Level 5, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
    • Tel.: +44 117 3428447; fax: +44 117 3428538.
    • ,
  • Patricia Weir

      Affiliations

    • Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
    • Tel.: +44 117 3428843; fax: +44 117 3428538.

,Accepted 5 September 2005.

References 

  1. Buist M, Moore G, Bernard S, Waxman B, Anderson J, Nguyen T. Effects of a medical emergency team on reduction of incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests in hospital: preliminary study. Br Med J. 2002;324:387–390
  2. Critically Ill Children's Audit. Critically Ill Children's Audit Annual Report 2002–2003. UK: PICU, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UBHT; 2003.
  3. Day D, Allen A, Llewellyn L. High Dependency care: a model for development. Paediatr Nurs. 2005;17(3):24–28
  4. Department of Health. Comprehensive critical care: a review of adult critical care services. London, UK: London, Department of Health; 2000.
  5. Department of Health and NHS Modernisation Agency. The National Outreach Report. London: London, Department of Health; 2003.
  6. Duncan H, Parshuram C, Hutchison J. Development of an early warning system for cardiac arrest in children. Abstract A50 from poster presentation C5. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference, USA. 2004.
  7. Goldhill D, Worthington L, Mulcahy A, Tarling M, Sumner A. The patient at risk team: identifying and managing seriously ill ward patients. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:853–860
  8. Haines C. Acutely ill children within ward areas—care provision and possible development strategies. Nurs Crit Care. 2005;10(2):98–104
  9. Lee A, Bishop G, Hillman M, Daffirn K. The medical emergency team. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1995;23(2):183–186
  10. McArthur-Rouse F. Critical care outreach services and early warning scoring systems: a review of the literature. J Adv Nurs. 2001;36(5.):696–704
  11. McGloin H, Adam S, Singer M. Unexpected deaths and referrals to intensive care of patients on general wards. Are some cases potentially avoidable?. J R Coll Phys Lond. 1999;33(3):255–259
  12. McQuillan P, Pilkington S, Allan A, Taylor B, Short A, Morgan G, et al. Confidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care. Br Med J. 1998;316:1853–1858
  13. Monaghan A. Detecting and managing deterioration in children. Paediatr Nurs. 2005;17(1):32–35
  14. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome & Death (NCEPOD). An acute problem? A report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome & Death. London: National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA); 2005.
  15. Paediatric Intensive Care Society. Paediatric intensive care standards document. UK; 2001.
  16. Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Paediatric intensive care annual report April 2003–March 2004. UK: Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol; 2004.
  17. Rich K. Inhospital cardiac arrest: pre-event variables and nursing response. Clin Nurse Specialist. 1999;13:147–153
  18. Schein R, Hazday N, Pena M, Ruben B, Sprung C. Clinical antecedents to in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest. 1990;98(6):1388–1392
  19. Tume L, Bullock I. Early warning tools to identify children at risk of deterioration: a discussion. Paediatr Nurs. 2004;16:20–23

PII: S0964-3397(05)00121-7

doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2005.09.003

Intensive and Critical Care Nursing
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Pages 73-81 , April 2006

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